Analysis of foreign translation of the standard English translation of the role of business
November 4, 2010
In China, the earliest translation of the text began in Spring and Autumn Period, “the more people song,” So far there are about 2500 years of history, the debate on translation standards has more than 1,000 years, but the translation of the standard in the translation industry has not yet reached a “consensus” that we all agree there is no translation of the standard. Standard of translation has been engaged in the debate. Business English English for specific purposes as one, in view of its specificity, it is difficult to translate the standard uniform. This paper aims to analyze foreign translation of the standard English translation of the role of business, On the translation of business culture and the relationship between English-speaking backgrounds. Munby (1978. 5) into English for specific purposes into two categories: for the purpose of academic English (English forAcademic Purpose), refers to complete their studies or academic research, exchange of the use of English, academic strong; to professional for the purpose of English (English forOccupation Purposes), engaged in an industry used to work in English, practical, highly specialized. Under this standard, business English and can be divided into two categories: general business uses English (EGBP: English forGeneral Business Purposes) and specialized business uses English (ESBP: English for Specific Business Purposes). According to Hutchinson andWaters The tree ofELT, that Business English (Bussiness English) is English for Specific Purposes (English forSpecific Purposes), a branch of a variant.
First, the characteristics of business English
Business English is English language system, a branch of the international business activities for this particular service professional disciplines English for specific purposes, It is based on basic English grammar, sentence structure and vocabulary, but the language has a unique phenomenon and performance of the content. Business English style complex. Business English involves a wide range of expertise, including advertising in English, Legal English, Practical English, English clothing, packaging, etc. English variant of English. Understanding of international business English translator to grasp the stylistic features conducive to the style of the original transmission of information. Word professional. Business English to express the message that business theory and business practice areas such as content, and professional content are inseparable. Business English vocabulary used in the most prominent feature is the precise use of professional vocabulary, including a large number of specialized vocabulary, with the ordinary meaning of the word business and compound words, acronyms, and language and so on. Commonly used terms such as price FOB, CIF has its specific professional content, and if the CWO ordering payment; B / L Bill of Lading; L / C Letter of Credit; COD goods to pay now; WPA WPA; blue chip blue chip, blue chip stocks; bad debt bad debt, and so on. Do not understand these technical terms, have the expertise, you can not do such business in English translation. Practicality. Business English is practical English. Its practical features make the international business English translator to understand that to improve the quality of translation, he must understand the many international business, and proficient in one of the profession. Business English more outstanding dissertation thesis on the network
Second, domestic and international translation standards
translation of the standard competition, flourishing. The most famous is the translation of international standard theory enumerated, and English translation for the special nature of business analysis and reference, On their good business English translation guide. In 1898, Yan Fu in “Evolution and Ethics” and “translation of introductory remarks,” said: “The translation of the difficulty of things: the letter, and elegance. Seeking his letter, had the disaster now! Gu Xinyi, not up, although translated, I still have not translated, Yan is still up. “Later, the general put the” letter, Ya “as a translation of the standard. Using today words, “trust” is a faithful and accurate, “up” is fluent, “Ya” is a word quaint. Yan Fu “letter, and Elegance” is recognized as the translation of the standard, and its far-reaching. English translation of its business the same guidance, business English language requirements of rigorous, accurate and would be “trust”, while in the “trust” based on the pursuit of “Da, Ya.” British Tytler (AlexanderFraser Tyler, 1747 -1814) in his forward to the “On the translation of the principle” (Essay on the Principles ofTranslation), a book made of the famous “three principles”: translation should be completely re-write the original ideas; translation style and tone should be similar in nature to the original; translation and the original should be equally smooth. Tytler translation of the principle of a hundred years ago mainly for literary translation, especially poetry translation, but his principles broadly apply to all translations, he stressed that the original readers and reader response to the same. “Functional equivalence” (FunctionalEquivalence) guidelines by the American translation of the famous translator Eugene? Nida (EugeneA. Nida) by Dr.. Among the many foreign translators, Nida translation theory can be said that the greatest impact on our country. He believes that translation is mainly intended purpose of the original and the translation in the information content, manner of speaking, style, style, language, culture, social factors and other aspects achieve. Nida concept of translation of the standard English translation of the international business has great significance, because no matter what the style is original, the key is information (semantic information and style information) on the other. “Semantic translation” and “communicative translation” standard by renowned British translator Peter? Newmark (PeterNewmark) proposed. He was in the “translation exploration” (Approach to translation) collection of papers presented in the standard. Communicative translation focuses on the effect of information, semantic translation focused on information content. From this, the standard Newmark communicative translation is more suitable for international business in English translation. Canadian translator so? De Lier in his writings, Professor, “Translation Theory and Translation Method” in his book: “code word translation is to establish a consistent relationship; translation is equivalent to seek information.” In his book mentioned in the second half of “semantic equivalence”, “language equivalence” and the “code equivalent of” synonyms, “meaning equivalent”, “context equivalent”, “information equivalent” and a “translation value “of the synonyms. De Lier, Professor of Business English translation of the standard translation of great significance for the development of business English translation of the standard of great reference value.
Third, the business standard English translation of the above listed
some of the more famous translator of the translation of the standard view. Looking at the domestic and international translators opinion, it can be concluded: foreign translation of the standard consistency of its essence, namely: information on the other. Translations of foreign standards are around the style of content, form, or the overall transmission of information such as expanded; domestic and foreign translations of similar standard, mainly around the faithful, equivalent, emotion, expressive, etc. to start. After all, no matter what kind of translation of the standard, are inseparable from a “real” word, in other words, translation is a true reflection of the original information, the translator to maximize the original author to give the original language of the “mission” to translate translation, the original “mission” began to bear translation. Business English, cover a broad, involving many different areas, different style, so the standard English translation of Commerce has its particularity. Given this characteristic business English, business English translation of the standard can be seen as “information on other flexible”, that: the original and the translation of such semantic information; style of the original and the translation of such information; original and the translation and cultural information on the other.
1. original and the translation of such semantic information.
semantic information is the foundation. No semantic information is no style information or cultural information, cultural information because the style information and the basic meaning of the language must be demonstrated. Language is the carrier of information, language, if there is no transmission of information, style information, and cultural information on the question. Style and culture is reflected by semantic information. Semantic information includes semantic information layer (surface structure semanticmessage) and deep semantic information (deep structure semanticmessage). Semantic information refers to the surface is the literal meaning of words or text.
For example: Ifwithin thirty days after receipt by a party of aproposalmade in accordancewith paragraph 1 parties have notreached agreement on the choice of a sole arbitrator, the solearbitrator shall be appointed by the appointing authority agreedupon by the parties. asked: if a party received in accordance with the recommendations of the first 30 days after failure to reach an agreement on the selection of a sole arbitrator shall be agreed upon by the parties appointing authority to appoint a sole arbitrator. All legal documents to express only the literal meaning, that one is a can not have any extended. The legal literature is very clear exposition of the provisions of the selection of arbitrators. Therefore, the legal language of the host language information is the information conveyed by the surface, there is no deep semantic structure. Deep semantic structure of the surface structure of language refers to the implied meaning, in other words, is “between the lines” means, this means understanding the context of speculation to pass out. To understand the deep structure of information, the translator must use his primitive society, history, culture, art and other aspects of knowledge and ability, to feel, experience and explore the deep structure implied in the original information. For example: We have the edge you need tomeet any financial challenge. The Principal Edge. Whateverpath you take in life, you l face financial challenges and oppor-tunities along the way. W ith the Principal Financial Group, you llhave all the toolyou need to handle them. Each ofour fi-nancial products and services, whether for business or individ-uals, has its own unique advantage built in. Thats the Princi-palEdge. Financial products thatgive you an edge. The Prin-cipalFinancialGroup more ads knife with a corresponding picture, if not carefully read the ad, the ad would think that is the tool. In actual fact, the most important word in advertising is edge, the term the “cutting edge”, “Blade” means, in addition to “advantage” and other means. Advertising designers use the edge polysemy to the conditions of the PrincipalFinancialGroup financial services company launched the PrincipalEdge. Therefore, edge in the ads in the word have different meanings. In addition, advertisers have used the word pun principal significance. principal with the company name, translated into Chinese by transliteration, but the basic meaning of the term a “major” and “capital”, “money”, see the company name as the PrincipalFinancialGroup, so that English readers think of the consortium-funded, is the main force in a number of consortia. Translation, we must distinguish between, only possible to the original rhetoric reproduced in the translation.
2. original and the translation of information on other styles.
I mean by “style”, actually refers to a different style. Style information is passed as an information carrier — language — one of the message. Style of information transmission can not be ignored in the translation. If the translation of the original style of ignoring information will not only translation of information huge loss, but also the translation seems inappropriate. International Business English related to the different style of language forms, such as documents, law, advertising, etc. Therefore, the translator must pay attention to different styles of information transfer. For example: TheseRules shallgovern the arbitration except thatwhere any of these Rules is in conflictwith a provision of thelaw applicable to the arbitration from which the parties cannotderogate, thatprovision shall prevai.l asked: The rules shall govern the arbitration, but as with any provision of this rule apply and for the parties in arbitration can not deviate from the conflict with the law, then that provision shall prevail. The above example is the legal significance of the original terms, Chinese translation must also be a Chinese legal language, otherwise, the translation of legal terms like reading up. Such as, These Rules shall govern the arbitration … … if translated into “These rules shall govern the arbitration …” sounds very natural feel. In addition, that provision shall prevail prevail in the translation of the word is bad, if not familiar with legal language, it is difficult to find the exact words. Given the general dictionary definition is “better than”, “better”, “universal” and so, here is clearly inappropriate. 3 original and the translation and cultural information on the other. And other cultural information in the language of the translation process is possible because, although the conditions for human survival, environment, different culture will produce some non-translated, but the need for human survival and human ways of thinking have something in common. Between the different cultures there are many kinds of differences in international business English translators need to understand these differences in order to adopt appropriate methods to achieve cultural equivalence. Such examples abound. For example: In Western mythology, dragon (Long) is not the hearts of the Chinese auspicious animals, but that evil monster. In the Middle Ages, dragon is a symbol of evil, the Bible story of the devil Satan (Sadan) is considered thegreatdragon.
In addition, dragon well “bitch” means, we can see that, dragon people in the English-speaking countries caused by the association with the Chinese “Dragon” is completely different, so be especially careful in the translation . In the translation of the “Asian Tigers”, someone to translate it as FourAsian Dragons, this is probably wrong. It was suggested translation FourAsian Tigers, this will be a good cultural information on the other, because the tiger (Tiger) in the Western mind is a more powerful animal, at least not reminiscent of a terrible animal . Furthermore, tiger in 1993 received the word of the “Oxford English Dictionary added the second volume” (OxfirdEnglish DictionaryAdditions Series) in the definition of: A nicknamefor any one of themore successful smaller economies ofEastA-sia, esp. Those ofHongKong, Singapore , Taiwan, and SouthKorea. (on any one of the more successful East Asian economies of small countries or regions, in particular, refers to Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea.) So, the “Asian Tigers” in the cultural translation of information for the FourAsianTigers basically reached on the other. Another example: “Rooster brand alarm clock,” the translation. The original is translated “Goldencock” Alarm Clock. Chinese in the “rooster crowing,” saying the “rooster” for the alarm clock will mark metaphor as loud as the rooster timekeeping, while “Rooster” is also the mascot in China, often on the rooster for wedding decorations. However, cock the word is taboo in English language, obscenities, sexual organs curse words commonly used in formal English, to avoid the use of the term. Products with the trademark for the word cock is bound to harm the image of goods, but also to foreign consumers looking and boring. GoldenCock question mark in this predicament was caused by overseas exporters — Tianjin Import and Export of China attention. They immediately replaced the trademark translation, the Golden Cock to Golden Rooster (the movie “Golden Rooster” Rooster Award also used the word), and at the time of the “China Daily” posted on inspiration. In short, the ethnic Chinese and English have different historical backgrounds, customs, customs, culture, tradition, business English translation must be accurate to find such differences in order to do the work in the translation and cultural information on the other. Emphasis on these three aspects and so on. “According to energy conservation and conversion (conversion) law, the conversion of non-isolated system or loss of energy transfer has a Translation that is artificially achieved between the two languages ?? ranscoding essaging and its loss is inevitable . “Thus, where the” reciprocity “not absolute” equivalence “, but a relative concept. Original and the translation of such flexibility is not the center of formality of words, etc. are not the same.
to ensure the maximum amount of information to pass the original to the translation of the premise, the translator can make flexible use of the target language, has reached the semantic information, style information and style information of the greatest degree of peer .